Chapter 8 Section 3 Segregation and Discrimination Guided Reading Answers
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Ch 8, Section 3 Segregation and Discrimination
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Ch 8, Section 3 Segregation and Discrimination
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Ch 8, Section 3Segregation and Discrimination
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What is a lynching? • A death-by-hanging of a person without legal trial, usually at the hands of an angry mob. • Often, the lynching victim was a member of a minority group 2. During the late-1800s and early 1900s, individuals from what group of people, on many occasions, were victims of lynching? • African-Americans • From the 1890 to 1920, over 3000 Blacks were lynched in the United States • The last known lynching in the United States was in Mobile, Alabama in 1981, near McGill-Toolen Catholic School. Michael Donald, a young African-American was lynched by Ku Klux Klan members.
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3. In the late 1800s, African-American journalist, Ida Wells reported persistently on what theme? • Racial Injustice against Black Americans 4. What is racial segregation? • A government-mandated and government-enforced social system in which racial groups are required to live separately from one another.
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5. What are some examples of how racial segregation manifested itself in the Southern States? • Blacks and Whites were forbidden to marry • Blacks and Whites attended separate schools • Blacks and Whites had separate public facilities such as water fountains and restrooms • Blacks and whites were forbidden to eat together in restaurants and lunch counters.
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6. The 15th Amendment (passed in 1870) of the United States Constitution forbids voting restrictions on account of what? • Race • In other words, a Southern state could not merely pass a law outlawing Black voting 7. Then how did the Southern States, by the late 1800s, find a way to restrict Black voting? • By finding ways to keep Blacks from registering to vote • In short, only registered voters could vote. Unregistered voters could not vote.
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8. What were three ways in which Southern states restricted Black voter registration but ensured that most whites could register to vote? • Poll Taxes • Literacy Tests • Grandfather Clauses 9. What was a poll tax? • An annual tax that had to be paid in order to vote
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10. Why didn't Blacks in the South just pay the poll tax? • Most African-Americans in the South were poor and could not afford to pay the poll tax 11. What was a literacy test? • In order to prove one's worthiness to register to vote, one must pass a reading test in order to prove that a person could read
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12. Why was the literacy test used to discriminate against potential Black voters? • First, white officials administered and graded the tests. • Usually Black test-takers were judged as having failed
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13. But wait. Weren't there many poor Southern whites who could not afford to pay the poll tax as well? • Yes, that is true 14. And…weren't there many whites who could not read as well? • Yes, that is true
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15. OK…Well, how did Southern States make it possible for most whites (whether rich or poor) to register to vote, while keeping almost all African-Americans unregistered? • Through the Grandfather Clause 16. Who benefited from the Grandfather Clause? • Potential White voters
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17. What was the Grandfather Clause? • Several Southern States made laws allowing for someone to register to vote ifhe, his father, or his grandfather had been eligible to vote prior to January 1, 1867. • Hence, thousands of poor whites (and illiterate whites) were grandfathered inand allowed to register to vote.
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18. In the South, especially Deep South States like Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, Georgia, and South Carolina, how long were Blacks systematically kept from registering to vote? • From the late 1800s until the passage of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 19. In States like Alabama, what happened in November 1966? • For the first time in nearly 100 years, African-Americans voted in massive numbers.
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20. At the same time that Southern Blacks were disenfranchised (the ability to vote being taken away), what other types of laws were passed in the South? • Jim Crow Laws 21. What are Jim Crow laws? • Laws that required the separation of Whites and Blacks in most key areas of life, namely the home, the workplace, the school, public facilities, and even the cemetery.
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22. Basically "Jim Crow" was a synonym for what? • Racial Segregation 23. What did the 1896 U.S. Supreme Court decision in Plessy v. Ferguson declare to be legal? • The Court declared that "separate but equal" segregated public facilities and schools are legal. 24. When was Plessy v. Ferguson overturned by a U.S. Supreme Court? • On May 17, 1954 when, in the Brown v. Board of Education, when the Court declared that "separate but equal" is unconstitutional.
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25. Thus, for nearly 60 years, what remained legal in the United States (1896-1954)? • Jim Crow Segregation 26. In addition to legally-required segregation in the South, what forms of informal discrimination did Southern Blacks face? • In general, Blacks were expected to be very subservient to Whites. • Blacks were expected to be overly polite to Whites, and never express disapproval to segregation
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27. While Jim Crow Segregation was largely a southern practice, what type of Black-White relations existed outside the South in the late 1800s and early 1900s? • In the North, Midwest, and West Coast, Black Americans faced numerous forms of bigotry and discrimination, though the discrimination was less formal than in the South.
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28. In 1900, what non-Southern city experienced a racially-oriented riot? • New York City 29. What is debt peonage? • A system of near-slavery in which a laborer is forced to continue providing labor to a boss in order to work off a pre-existing debt.
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30. In the American Southwest, what groups were sometimes victims of debt peonage in the late 1800s and early 1900s? • Mexicans and African-Americans
Chapter 8 Section 3 Segregation and Discrimination Guided Reading Answers
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